SCHOENBERG, SCHUBERT; UNSUK CHIN PREMIERE; NAGANO WITH BERLINERS Berlin Philharmonic Hall, Sunday, January 20, 2002 Unsuk Chin is Composer in Residence with the DSO this year; this rainy Sunday afternoon marked the world premiere of her new violin concerto. Ms. Chin describes the diverse influences on her composition thusly: "They essentially include the music of Stravinsky, Bartók, Webern and Ligeti, my own work in the Studio for Electronic Music and the music of cultures outside Europe, especially gamelan music from Bali." Immediately drawn in by the basses and xylophones beneath open strings and harmonics in the solo violin, we have a sense that something significant is approaching, like a huge observatory roof rolling slowly back to reveal the grand night sky. Viviane Hagner’s playing was always clear above the orchestra, which supported or reacted to her musical lines; her virtuoso passages led the dialogue with the orchestra. The solo part tested the violin’s possible range of sounds, particularly through its use of the open strings and harmonics in the higher positions. The second movement too opens with a rarefied sound: harp, celeste, xylophone. Trills and tremolos in the solo violin and orchestral strings create shimmering, absorbing Klangfarben (translated as “sound colors”, it sounds much more abrupt than the resonant German word). Woody, spiccato passages are heard in the string bass. The long drawn-out held notes in the lower brass and strings provide a carpet of sound for the soloist. The third movement is over so quickly one wishes one had paid better attention, especially to the transparent texture in the pizzicato strings and cembalo. The fourth movement constantly gives the impression that something is about to break out from under the surface. Someone was overheard saying, “well, that was a lot more exciting than Schönberg.” And indeed, the Kammersymphonie (No. 1 in e Major, op. 9) no longer sounds dissonant or even astonishing in 2002. The 15 instrumentalists seemed comfortable with the chamber music intimacy; whether with eyes open or closed, the sound of the cello and bass or the clarinets and oboe transferred seamlessly from one instrument to the next. A Schubert symphony is, of course, made up of long melodies and complexes of themes that seemingly never stop. The phrases don’t want to come to an end: a cadence is hinted at, but is merely a platform either for an unexpected sequence or for a delicious modulation. Here, in the Eighth Symphony (“Great”) the orchestra appeared more relaxed, happy to be playing long phrases with long bows and vibrating richly. Heard with modern ears, the third movement feels borderline cliché, right along the fine line between banal oom-pah-pah accompanying figures and ingenious lively modulatory lines. The last movement swept away all that had been string-heavy, lugubrious, old-fashioned in the earlier movements with rhythmic drive. Kent Nagano’s conducting of the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, as usual, was alert and full of energy. From behind he sometimes seems to conduct as much with his shoulder-length hair as with the baton. Listening to three works composed at such great historical intervals, one got a sense of entirely different motivations driving the works: Schubert both fulfilling and shattering expectations with long lines and delicious modulations, Schönberg constantly seeking, moving forward, never arriving. And Chin setting up never before heard instrumental combinations and exploring the potential inherent in the instruments. Nancy Chapple